Biography of Stephen Hawking.

 

Stephen Hawking

Hawking was born on the 300th anniversary of Galileo and died on the 139th anniversary of Einstein's birth.

Birth and Early Life

Stephen Hawking was born on 8th January 1942 in oxford. His father was Frank and his mother was Isobel Eileen Hawking. His father was a medical researcher and mother worked as a secretary for medical research of the institute. His family completely seems to be strange for neighbours and outsiders. Because all the members of his family had a keen interest in studying books. But their talent was not recognized by anybody because of lack of money. When Hawking was born there was a time of world war 2 and Britain was in danger because Germany could attack Britain at any time. So the most protected place was an oxford. Hence, his father and mother decided to give birth to their child in oxford.

In 1950, they were moved to St Alban's, Hert Oxfordshire because his father became head of the division of Parasitology at the National Institute for Medical Research.

As we know that the whole family had a keen interest in reading books, they even read books at the whole time of meal silently. In St. Albans Hawking's family was considered as a highly intelligent family.

His Education

His family was very supportive of education.

When he was eight years old, he attended St. Albans high school for girls or a few months. He was not very intelligent in his class.

His father wanted to see Stephen Hawking as a Doctor but his love was in mathematics and space. When his family was enjoying tours he watched the sky for hours. In the night he watched stars with keen interest. His mother noticed all his activities and understood what was in the mind of Stephen. After that, she supported him to study mathematics.

 He was awarded a scholarship after the examination in March 1959. As his family was not very rich they were dependent on scholarship for study. In October 1959 at the age of 17, he began his study at University College, in oxford. But it was not possible to study Mathematics at that time. So he decided to study Physics and Chemistry.

The starting two years of Stephen was not very good he felt very lonely in his college. But in the third year he changed himself good in his studies as well as he joined Board Club in his college.

But after a few months, he noticed some changes in his body. He did not feel well.

His Struggle  

He received a degree in the first-class BA(hon's) in physics and completing a trip to Iran with a friend, he began his graduate work at Trinity Hall, Cambridge in October 1962.

His father too noticed about some changes in his body. When he was checked by the doctor he found suffering from a motor neuron disease. His doctor also told them that Hawking had only two years to survive. He felt into depression by listening to the doctor. He closed himself in the room. He did not want to talk to anybody. His health was so much unpredictable as he falls down while walking and stop in the middle when he was speaking to anybody.

When he was in a state of depression his family and girlfriend supported him a lot. They told him to live the two years of his life with joy and to fulfil all his dreams that he wants to do in the future. One day when he was in the hospital he saw a patient that was fighting from cancer. He thought that he can also fight his disease. He completely devoted himself in the study and he did not even try to look back and then he discovered multiple theories. But his disease was grown very slowly and he did not die in two years.

His steps towards success      

When he began his graduation there were so many debates on the "Big Bang" theory. He started writing on these theories. He published his thesis in 1966 and was taking positive by all scientists. He obtained his PhD applied mathematics and theoretical physics, in general relativity and cosmology in March 1966. After his PhD degree, he wrote a lot of article on "Singularity and the Geometry of Spacetime" and many more.

Space-Time

In January 1971, he wrote an essay titled "Black Holes" won the Gravity Research Foundation award. His book written with George Mills named as "The Large Scale Structure of Space-Time" was published in 1973. He presented a theory in 1974 known as "Hawking Radiation " it showed that black holes emit radiation which may continue until they exhaust their energy and evaporate. He was elected a Fellow of the Royal Society (FRS) in 1974, which was a very big opportunity, which he was able to gain by his research i.e Hawking radiation. At that time, he was the youngest scientist to become a part of fellow.

The brief history of time 

In 1982, he decided to write a book about the Universe. The first draft of the book called "A Brief History of Times" was completed in 1984. He wanted that all had the right to know about the Universe that's why he wrote the book. His book was published in April 1988 in the US and in June in the UK. It proved that extraordinary talent that Hawking had. The book rising very quickly to the top of best sellers in both the countries and remaining there for months. Approximately 9 million copies of his book were sold in a different language. This book was written in a very simple language and in this book he explained all about the time, Big Bang theory, black holes and much more. In 1993 he co-edited a book on "Euclidean Quantum Gravity" with Gary Gibbons and published it by combining articles of his own.

His later books 

👉In 2001, he published "The Universe in a Nutshell".

👉In 2005, he published "A Brief History of Time" which was the updated version of the previous one.

👉In 2007, he published "George's secret key to the Universe" with his daughter.

This book was designed for children to explained theoretical Physics in an accessible fashion. The sequels of this book were published in 2009, 2011, 2014 and 1016.

👉In 2002, the BBC included Hawking in their list of 100 greatest Britons.

👉He supervised 39 successful PhD students. 

👉He made a documentary on Space colonisation and the name of his documentary was Stephen Hawking: Expedition New Earth.

Death

He died at his home in Cambridge, England on 14 March 2018. His family stated that he "died peacefully".

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